War Time Baggy Point

March 23, 1941 - German Aerial Photos - Baggy Point, Georgeham, Devon

(Click on the links or photos for full scale photos)

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/286959618

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/220898439

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/220898441

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/220898437

1924 Station Stones Solsticial alignments

I hadn't noticed this 1924 suggestion that the Station Stones might align with the Midsummer Sunset and Midwinter Sunrise before. So to place it on the record:

Frank Stevens

From "Wonders of the Past" by JA Hammerton, New York 1924.

 https://archive.org/details/wondersofpast0003jaha_j5f7/page/n233/mode/2up

The Sanctuary 1925

 Photograph taken by William Williams during an overseas holiday he took with Lydia Williams between 1925 and 1927.

"Signpost on road, barrow mound in distance, [Avebury?], Wiltshire, England. Williams, Edgar Richard, 1891-1983: Photographs and papers. Ref: 1/4-100423-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/32048512"

The archive has a several interesting other local photographs of the Wansdyke and Avebury 

It is always satisfying when you recognise a view in an old photograph:

The photograph was taken before Maud Cunnington rediscovered and excavated The Sanctuary in 1930 just to the right of the hedge in the photo.

As to what the notice says, who knows?

The Fremington Clay Erratics

 

Tim Daw All Cannings Cross, Wiltshire, UK Email: tim.daw@gmail.com

© Tim Daw 2025. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

A definitive list of all the erratics identified from the Fremington Clays, Devon, with a refreshed interpretation and conclusion.

 

Erratic No./Name/Location	Lithology/Type	Description & Key Features	Original Source Suggestion	Modern Interpretation/Source	Primary Reference(s)
Boulder III / No. 6 / Maw's boulder (quarter mile east of Combrew Farm; moved to Combrew Farm garden; Bickington clay-bed)	Spilite / Vesicular granophyre (pillow-lava type; early ID: basaltic trap)	Dark grey, finely crystalline; small white porphyritic albite felspars (plates/laths); micropegmatite groundmass; vesicular with pleochroic calcite infill; chlorite replaces scarce ferromagnesian minerals; no free quartz; ~40 x 30 x 25 inches; no striae or wedge-shape; longest axis E-W. Recorded as isolated in middle of clay-bed (Unit B); early description as large striated basaltic trap.	North/East Cornwall spilites (altered basalts); possible but uncertain import.	Cornish spilitic pillow lavas (Meneage district); or local SW England volcanics (e.g., Meldon spilitic lavas with chlorite-epidote alteration and granophyric overprint); periglacial/fluvial reworking; glacial dropstone or reworked.	Maw (1864); Dewey (1910); Taylor (1956); Arber (1964); Croot et al. (1996)
Boulder IV / No. 7 (Combrew Farm garden; later Chilcotts Farm gate-post)	Hypersthene andesite / Hyalopilitic andesite	Dark grey-green, glassy, porphyritic, brittle; large pale olive-green acid labradorite felspars (two generations, ~50% rock volume, fresh, twinned on albite/pericline laws, zonal inclusions, RI=1.560 = 50% Ab-An); rhombic pyroxene (hypersthene) prisms only ferromagnesian (no augite/hornblende/olivine); abundant magnetite (rods/feathery/gridiron); ~50% brown glass base with zonal borders; ~16 inches across; well-rounded. Found ~22 ft below surface c. 1870.	West coast Scotland (e.g., Watt Carrick, Dumfries; Loch Craignish, Argyll); tentative, differs by lacking augite.	Local SW dykes (Tamar/Dartmoor); matches hypersthene-phyric andesite lenses in Meldon tuffs; no long-distance glacial transport needed.	Dewey (1910); Taylor (1956); Arber (1964); Croot et al. (1996)
No. 8 (Fishley Pottery clay-pit; now near old pottery gate, approaching Combrew Farm)	Quartz porphyry	Light grey, holocrystalline, granitic texture; altered felspar/quartz phenocrysts (up to 5 mm, avg. 3 mm); little mica; fine pale base; amorphous red matrix; crushed/irregular plagioclase, porphyritic quartz, long apatite prisms; epidote replaces mosaic; lichen-covered; flat top/base; 47 x 19 x 16 inches.	Local source (e.g., porphyritic dyke west of Devon/Cornwall coasts).	Devon–Cornwall intrusions (e.g., rhyolitic dykes/sills near Mary Tavy with devonisation); possible non-local Cornish alternative.	Taylor (1956); Croot et al. (1996)
No. 9 (Brannam's pits, Tews Lane, Bickington; through coarse white clay)	Quartz dolerite	Grey, highly crystalline/compact; fine-grained granite-like texture; soft milky-white kaolinized felspar (lath outlines); trace quartz (primary); reddish fresh augite (slight edge alteration); little magnetite/secondary calcite; long needle apatite prisms with inclusions; ellipsoidal, rounded; lower mean weight; no sub-ophitic texture. Found in middle of brown clay.	Local Devon intrusions; no diagnostic distant features.	Dartmoor dykes (e.g., Meldon dolerite sheets); hydrothermal alteration common; fluvial entrainment via Taw/Okement.	Taylor (1956); Arber (1964); Croot et al. (1996)
No. 10 (Brannam's pits; far side of pit surface, two pieces)	Olivine dolerite	Darker grey, more crystalline than No. 9; soft felspar crystals with calcite (weak acid reaction); micro-pegmatitic ophitic structure with crossed flows; plagioclase tabs enclosed; transverse ilmenite prisms; yellow olivine grains; slight quartz orientation; some felspar extinction; ~300 lb; irregular/angular.	Local Devon; common type.	Devon minor intrusions (e.g., aureole basic sheets); fresh, with diagnostic apatite; local reworking.	Taylor (1956); Arber (1964); Croot et al. (1996)
No. 13 (Brannam's pits, 1962 excavation)	Quartz dolerite	Similar to No. 9; specifics limited; found ~10 ft from top of clay.	Unspecified local.	As per No. 9; unified aureole source.	Vachell (1963); Arber (1964); Taylor (1956, implied)
Unidentified boulder 1 (Brannam's pits, pre-1957)	Unspecified igneous	Smooth, rounded; ~19 inches long; excavated 10 ft below upper surface of clay.	Unspecified.	Likely local mafic/intermediate; embedded in clay heart.	Arber (1964)
Unidentified boulder 2 (Brannam's pits, 1957)	Unspecified igneous	Smooth, rounded; size unspecified; excavated 16 ft below upper surface of clay.	Unspecified.	As above.	Arber (1964)
Olivine-dolerite pebble (Brannam's pits, 1955)	Olivine dolerite	Small pebble; 2–3 ft above clay base; similar to No. 10.	Local Devon.	As per No. 10; pre-depositional wear.	Taylor (1956); Arber (1964)
Carboniferous grit slab (Brannam's pits)	Carboniferous grit (sedimentary)	Waterworn slab; ~5 inches, 1.25 inches thick; flat surfaces with red ferric oxide skin (infiltration along bedding cracks).	Local Carboniferous.	Okement-derived; waterworn pre-inclusion; minor erratic.	Taylor (1956)
Dolerite boulder (Brannam's pits / potter's clay; removed post-discovery)	Dolerite (unspecified)	Large (1–5 tons); erratic in stoneless potter's clay (Unit B/C); similar to Saunton Downend erratics.	Unknown provenance.	Local (e.g., Culm Measures intrusives); dropstone in quiet-water deposit.	Wood (1973/1974); Croot et al. (1996) [N.B.: Arber (1964) cited by Wood for context, but describes distinct smaller clasts, pace Croot et al.]
Granodiorite boulder (Brannam's pits / potter's clay; removed post-discovery)	Granodiorite	Large (1–5 tons); erratic in stoneless potter's clay (Unit B/C); similar to Saunton Downend erratics.	Unknown provenance.	Possible exotic (Irish Sea); but aligns with local granites (e.g., Dartmoor);	Wood (1973/1974); Croot et al. (1996) [N.B.: Arber (1964) cited by Wood for context, but describes distinct smaller clasts, pace Croot et al.]
Small striated alkali micro-dolerite cobble (Higher Gorse pits, 1994 excavation / Brannam's pits, Unit B; 5 m depth)	Alkali micro-dolerite	Small striated boulder/cobble (flat-iron subglacial type with exceptionally well-striated faces); in main clay unit (Unit B); ~50% plagioclase felspar phenocrysts (poorly twinned, skeletal, zoned, sericite-altered); altered ferromagnesian minerals (chlorite pseudomorphs); titaniferous augite laths; numerous unfilled vesicles.	Unspecified; first unequivocal glacial transport.	Local basic intrusive; glacially transported in-situ clast (dropstone from iceberg/glacier); supports glaciolacustrine origin.	Croot et al. (1996); Gilbert (pers. comm.)
Trachy-andesite (Pen Hill, Taw Estuary beach/estuarine sand)	Trachy-andesite	Partially buried boulder; specifics limited.	Unspecified.	Possible western British source; estuarine reworking.	Croot et al. (1996); Gilbert (pers. comm.)
Grey elvan (general Fremington area)	Grey elvan (porphyritic dyke rock)	Quartz-felspar porphyry type; specifics limited; multiple occurrences.	Local dykes (Devon/Cornwall).	As per No. 8; common in aureole.	Taylor (1956); Croot et al. (1996)
Miscellaneous till erratics (Brannam's pits; Units B/D)	Varied (dolerite, granite, gneiss, flint, local Devonian/Carboniferous grits/shales/sandstones/limestones)	Sub-angular/rounded pebbles/cobbles/boulders; in lodgement till; includes striated stones, lignite, shell fragments; derived microfauna (e.g., Nonion labradoricum).	Irish Sea Basin (e.g., flint from Chalk, gneiss/granite exotics).	Mostly local (10 km radius, e.g., Culm gravels); rare exotics via ice-rafting; supports Irish Sea ice oscillations.	Stephens (1966); Wood (1974); Croot et al. (1996)

 

 

Conclusion

The Fremington Clay erratic assemblage is dominated by lithologies that can be sourced within the immediate South-West England bedrock province, particularly the Culm Basin, Dartmoor aureole, and Cornubian igneous suite. The petrography, rounding, and stratigraphic context of the larger clasts indicate derivation and short-distance transport within local fluvial systems and, at times, by locally confined ice or ice-rafted debris. A very small number of rounded pebbles, including rare far-travelled lithologies, may reflect limited marine or estuarine ice-rafting rather than sustained glacial incursion. Crucially, all confirmed erratics occur at elevations of approximately 10 - 20m OD, with no verified examples above this level. This altitude constraint strongly suggests that the Fremington deposits record low-level glacial–marginal or proglacial processes, rather than a substantial high-level Irish Sea ice lobe overriding the North Devon coast. It is essential to distinguish between the erratics of the Fremington Clay Series and those associated with the Saunton raised beach deposits, lest they be conflated in discussions of Quaternary glaciation in North Devon. Saunton's assemblage features larger, more exotic boulders—such as granites and gneisses potentially ice-rafted from the Irish Sea Basin—resting on shore platforms at similar elevations but indicative of marine incursion during sea-level highstands.  The evidence is therefore consistent with a landscape influenced by local fluvial and periglacial dynamics, episodic ice-rafting, and short-distance glacially assisted transport, rather than long-distance inland ice movement.

 

Photographs:

No.6 – Taylor 1956

No. 6 – Tim Daw – Nov. 2025 (rotated compared to Taylor’s photograph)  https://maps.app.goo.gl/8uvFckNu1TB7BFhd6

 

No.7 - Taylor – 1956

No.7 - Tim  Daw – Nov 2025.  https://maps.app.goo.gl/ijcV53LLrDUywAKR8

 

No. 8 – Taylor - 1956

 

 

References

·         Arber, M.A. (1964) Erratic boulders within the Fremington Clay of North Devon. Geological Magazine, 101, 282–3.

·         Croot, D.G., Gilbert, A., Griffiths, J. and Van Der Meer, J.J. (1996) The character, age and depositional environments of the Fremington Clay Series, north Devon. In The Quaternary of Devon and East Cornwall: Field Guide (eds D.J. Charman, R.M. Newnham and D.G. Croot), Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 14–34.

·         Stephens, N. (1966) Some Pleistocene deposits in North Devon. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 15, 103–14.

·         Taylor, C.W. (1956) Erratics of the Saunton and Fremington areas. Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Associaton for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 88, 52–64.

·         Vachell, E.T. (1963) Fifth report on geology. Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 95, 100–7.

·         Wood, T.R. (1974) Quaternary deposits around Fremington. In Exeter Field Meeting, Easter 1974 (ed. A. Straw), Quaternary Research Association Handbook, Exeter, pp. 30–4.

Buried landscapes of the Avon Riverside and the Mesolithic of the Stonehenge Area.

The Buried Landscapes project is a multi-institution, interdisciplinary research programme that maps and dates the buried Holocene sediments, palaeochannels and loess deposits around the River Avon and the eastern margin of the Stonehenge landscape (the Blick Mead / Vespasian’s Camp–Amesbury area). Its goal is to recover long environmental sequences preserved beneath later sediments so palaeoecological proxies (pollen, sedaDNA, macrofossils), OSL/14C dating and geoarchaeology can reconstruct valley evolution, wetland formation and the timing of open vs. wooded conditions prior to monument construction. The project is described on the UK Research and project partner pages and brings together universities (Southampton, UCL, Bradford, Leipzig, etc.) with specialist geoarchaeological teams. 

Closely linked is the focused research on Blick Mead, the chalk-spring locality just east of Stonehenge, which provides an exceptionally long and rich Mesolithic sequence of human activity, faunal remains and environmental samples. Multi-proxy studies from Blick Mead (pollen, sedimentary DNA, faunal analysis) indicate repeated Mesolithic occupation in a partially open clearing exploited for large ungulates (aurochs, deer) over millennia — a setting that would later have been amenable to Neolithic monument builders because large open patches already existed. Publications and project reports (including a detailed PLoS ONE study) show how environmental reconstructions from Blick Mead directly inform hypotheses about landscape continuity from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to Neolithic ritual activity.

Methodologically the Buried Landscapes programme ties palaeoenvironmental cores, sedaDNA and geochronology to the legacy of the Stonehenge Riverside and related regional projects: where the earlier Stonehenge Riverside Project established links between rivers, monuments and movement across the Avon–Salisbury Plain corridor, the buried-landscapes work supplies the sedimentary and dating framework that explains why particular places (springheads, terrace edges, palaeochannels) attracted people in the Mesolithic and remained important through the Neolithic. In practice this means combining LiDAR/geomorphology, borehole logs and OSL dating with artefact distributions and HER/CRM records to relocate palaeochannels and targeted test excavations. 

The project’s broader significance is twofold. First, it reframes the Stonehenge zone as a longue durée landscape with deep Mesolithic roots — not an empty prehistory cleared only by Neolithic farmers — which affects interpretations of monument placement, access and memory. Second, by producing a fine-grained environmental chronology across the Avon corridor, it provides a template other regional studies can use to locate buried Mesolithic deposits (e.g., springheads, gravel rises) and to integrate geoarchaeology with lithic/faunal assemblage studies across southern Britain. The Buried Landscapes outputs therefore sit as a crucial bridge between site-level discoveries (Blick Mead, Ufton Bridge, etc.) and wider questions about cultural continuity, mobility and the environmental preconditions for monumentality.

In addition to the long‐term palaeoenvironmental sequence around the Stonehenge corridor, geo-archaeological investigations at Jubilee Gardens, Ringwood, on the lower Hampshire Avon floodplain have provided a high-resolution sedimentary record for the early Holocene and later. Two boreholes drilled in March 2022 revealed basal deposits that date to the early Neolithic (c. 3530-3370 cal BC) and show transitions from alder-carr and wetland vegetation to more open grassland, then later wetter conditions and floodplain re-working. These results offer a rare opportunity in the Avon valley to contextualise human activity and environmental change: even where no direct Mesolithic occupation has been found at the site, the geological model helps to explain the formation of potential Mesolithic surfaces, palaeochannels or gravel rises across the floodplain, and therefore helps target where Mesolithic remains might survive.

• Hudson, S. M., Pears, B., Jacques, D., Fonville, T., Hughes, P., Alsos, I. G., … & Brown, A. G. (2022). Life before Stonehenge: The hunter-gatherer occupation and environment of Blick Mead revealed by sedaDNA, pollen and spores. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0266789. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266789

• Brown, A. G. et al. (2022). Buried landscapes of the Avon Riverside and the Mesolithic of the Stonehenge Area. AHRC Research Project. University of Southampton. https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH/W002868/1

• University of Southampton. (2022, April). Study reveals Stonehenge landscape before the world-famous monument. https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2022/04/blick-mead.page

• The Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Project Overview: Buried landscapes of the Avon Riverside and the Mesolithic of the Stonehenge Area. https://www.dainst.org/en/research/projects/noslug/579

• Taylor, J., Langdon, C. T., Scaife, R. & Cameron, N. G. (2025) The River That Swallowed the Ringwood Prehistoric Landscape: Geoarchaeological investigations in advance of the development of the A31, Hampshire, England. Internet Archaeology, 69. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.69.6

• AOC Archaeology Group (2025) Digital Archive from a Geoarchaeological Borehole Evaluation at Jubilee Gardens, Ringwood, Hampshire, March 2022. Archaeology Data Service. https://doi.org/10.5284/1129480

•  Additional thematic context: People visited Stonehenge site thousands of years before it was built – dating studies (ScienceDirect article) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407922007898

Finding the Fremington Clay Erratics - Updated

Finding the Fremington Clay Erratics

 I have been studying the original descriptions of the erratics found in the Fremington Clays, which are very different to the nearby Coastal Ice Rafted erratics, and sadly they have been lumped in with them which has caused confusion.

I think I have found two of the original half a dozen, so they could be examined again and the very old descriptions of them could be updated.

The original references are:

Dewey, H. (1910). Notes on some igneous rocks from North Devon. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 21(4), 429–434.

Taylor, C.W. (1956) Erratics of the Saunton and Fremington areas. Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Associaton for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 88, 52–64.)

  The following  photos and text are from Taylor (1956):

 

 

There are two boulders from this district which are mentioned in the literature, and both of them were found without any difficulty, as they are preserved, and it would appear that enquiries for them are not infrequent. The present owner of Combrew Farm, Mr. Tucker, is aware of their interest, and unnecessary "hammering" is discouraged. The third boulder, which, though mentioned, has not so far been described or figured, came originally from the clay-pit of the old Fishley Pottery, now long disused, while as regards recent finds, two further masses have been obtained from the brown clay of Brannam's pit and are noted below. Although the literature makes no mention of the fact, the boulders Nos. 6 and 7 following are understood from local information to have been found also in the clay of the Fishley pit.

No. 6. A boulder is mentioned by Dewey (“a dark grey, finely crystalline rock with small white porphyritic felspars in the groundmass”)  as at Bickington, about a quarter mile east of Combrew Farm, but owing to development, it has recently been moved to the garden on the right of the gateway to the main yard of the Farm. In case any ultra-zealous Glacialist should fit certain scars on portions of this rock, the author hastens to mention that it was dragged in its present position instead of being ruthlessly broken up on site, a consideration which is highly appreciated.

The original measurements and photograph have been given by Dewey, which need not be repeated here; it may be added, however, that the mass shows no distinct striae or wedge-shape, and the boulder measures roughly 40 x 30 x 25 inches high, the longest axis pointing almost E-W. It may be a Cornish spilite, of the pillow-lava type of igneous rock, which occurs in the Meneage district and elsewhere in Cornwall.

No. 7. The next erratic of this group is the hyalopilitic andesite, also previously described with No. 6 above. It is now situated on the right of the gated portion of the driveway to Combrew Farm, and is a glassy, brittle andesite, quite different from any of the foregoing rocks. Well rounded and about sixteen inches across, it contains no augite, but otherwise resembles similar rocks of Dumfries and Loch Craignish, Argyllshire.

No. 8. The rock from the Fishley Pottery clay-pit has hitherto merely been mentioned as "an igneous boulder" which may now be found on the right-hand, inside the gate of the first building (the old disused pottery) on approaching Combrew Farm from the main road. It is well covered with lichen, with flat top and base, and measures 47 x 19 x 16 inches high. Of a light grey colour, it is holocrystalline, with some quartz and much felspar, which appears altered; little mica could be observed. The texture is rather granitic, with a fine, pale coloured base containing the larger phenocrysts of quartz and felspar up to 5 mm. in size, but averaging 3 mm.

Various rocks, maybe the erratics, appear to still be on the roadside and pictured on Google Streetview.

  https://maps.app.goo.gl/VWN42wA1u1PbG6zZ9

 https://maps.app.goo.gl/ijcV53LLrDUywAKR8

 

 https://maps.app.goo.gl/mMB82AMYzt4KxPjN7

 https://maps.app.goo.gl/8uvFckNu1TB7BFhd6

 

 https://maps.app.goo.gl/iocQpaVFEwAGqQ176

 

UPDATE – I visited the farm on 2 November 2025 and photographed and measured the rocks.

 

No.7, the 16 inch well rounded erratic, which was on the wall, and was given a possible Scottish source is still there. This is the most important erratic in determining the source of the clays and erratics.

  

 

 

Erratic No.6 may be also by the farm entrance, the size is similar to the quoted size (40 x 30 x 25 inches) and it is “a dark grey, finely crystalline rock” .

If it is the same erratic it has been rotated so it doesn’t match Taylor’s photo exactly.

  

 

The other two roadside erratics are much smaller and are conglomerates, one looks very like a sarsen type puddingstone. They don’t match any of the erratic descriptions.

The 1938 Stonehenge Vandalism Incident: Larkhill Officers and the Onset of War

On the night of 16 June 1938, four recently commissioned Second Lieutenants of the Royal Artillery, William Laurence Sherrard, William Howard Skinner, John Edward Passingham Pierce, and John Lambert Shearme (erroneously noted as Shearne in some reports) engaged in an act of vandalism at Stonehenge. This episode, occurring amid the escalating tensions preceding the Second World War, exemplifies the occasional lapses in discipline among junior officers during a period of transition from peacetime routines to wartime preparedness. All four were in their early twenties, having completed training courses at Larkhill Garrison near Salisbury, and were due to depart for new postings the following day.

The Incident

Following a guest night at the Larkhill officers' mess, the group acquired green paint and brushes from the garrison's tennis courts. They applied paint to four upright sarsen stones in the main circle and portions of the Heel Stone also know as the Friar's Heel. Reports indicate the inscription of the phrase "Does this look like a friar?" on the stone. Additionally, several chamber pots were placed atop the affected monoliths.

They also altered a road sign on the London-Exeter trunk road (the A303). Contemporary accounts describe the addition of a letter to the destination "Exeter," though the precise modification—believed to render it as "Sexeter"—was omitted from published reports due to its indelicate nature.

The vandalism was discovered the following morning, prompting immediate concern from the site's custodians and local authorities.

Legal Proceedings and Response

The incident drew widespread press attention, with an estimated 60 officers from Larkhill initially requested to come forward. Sherrard, Skinner, Pierce, and Shearme voluntarily confessed, demonstrating a commitment to accountability consistent with the era's expectations of officers and gentlemen. They appeared before Salisbury Magistrates' Court, where they pleaded guilty to charges of criminal damage.

Each was fined £1, with the group collectively ordered to pay £20 in costs and restoration expenses. The presiding magistrate noted that the stones' natural patina might require up to 1,000 years of weathering to fully recover. Their commanding officer at Larkhill issued an official reprimand, but no further military sanctions were recorded. The leniency reflects the context of youthful indiscretion on the cusp of war, when such pranks were not uncommon among subalterns.

Wartime and Postwar Careers

The outbreak of war in September 1939 dispersed the group, their subsequent records reflecting diverse trajectories within the Royal Artillery:

• William Laurence Sherrard: Commissioned on 28 January 1938 after training at the School of Anti-Aircraft Defence, Biggin Hill. Promoted to Captain, he deployed to Sumatra in 1941 to defend oil installations. Killed in action on 14 February 1942 during a Japanese paratroop assault at Pladjoe airfield, where his unit faced superior numbers. Mentioned in Despatches for gallantry; commemorated on the Ditchling War Memorial, Sussex.
• William Howard Skinner: Born in Bengal in 1918. Also commissioned on 28 January 1938, following anti-aircraft training at Biggin Hill. No further public records of promotions, postings, or honours have been identified, though his survival through the war is confirmed by the absence of casualty entries. Likely served in defensive roles during the early conflict. Died Lingfield, Surrey 2000.
• John Edward Passingham Pierce: Commissioned on 28 January 1938, attached to the 22nd Anti-Aircraft Battery at the Royal Artillery Experimental Camp, Watchet. Advanced to Lieutenant-Colonel (service number 74538) by the early 1960s. Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1962 New Year Honours for services to the Royal Artillery; retired to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers thereafter.
• John Lambert Shearme: Commissioned on 28 January 1938, attached to the Coast Artillery School at Shoeburyness. Promoted to Major (service number 74525); retired on pay on 29 September 1958, retaining reserve liability. His coastal defence specialisation suggests involvement in home-based anti-invasion measures.